A New Section

As chapter 10 begins, Paul has started the last section of the letter; it runs through chapter 13. For centuries, scholars have been puzzled by this section, for it really doesn’t seem to fit; this is another section in defense of Paul’s apostolic ministry, but unlike the first section of defense that was based around Paul’s love for the Corinthians, this one adopts a harsh tone, and is laced with sarcasm− why would Paul do that now?

In the past, a great many scholars believed that chapters 10-13 were the contents of Paul’s harsh letter that was referred to back in the beginning of the letter. Yet in more recent times, scholars have mostly moved away from that view in favor of a view that after Paul had sent Titus and the others to Corinth with his letter (chapters 1-9) he received more bad news from Corinth about the same issues as before, became very angry, and then wrote chapters 10-13 as an additional letter.

More recently still, another view has come into vogue, this one originates with experts of Greek literature of the period. In this view, Paul’s earlier defense of his ministry was directed at the majority of the church who were inclined to be most receptive to Paul, as opposed to the outside agitators and the minority of hardline members who were less likely to be receptive. Paul would, in essence, make his peace with the receptive majority, explain himself and set the table to renew his appeal for the offering. With that accomplished, he would then single out the agitators and hard liners and blast them with all guns in a furious broadside to completely discredit them in the eyes of the majority.

So, which of these views is correct?

I can’t say for sure, for the simple reason that we don’t have any clear evidence to support any of these views, other than the fact that right when we come to what should be the end of the letter, the part where we would expect to find Paul’s final greetings, he went off on his opponents. Objectively then, that’s all we can say for certain.

Since I am not an expert on first century Greek literary technique, I really am not in a position to confirm or deny the claims of the most recent theory, but I can tell you that being trained in rhetoric myself, that’s how I would go about it today if I were in Paul’s situation. I would reconcile with the majority who are likely to side with me, and then discredit the opposition; yes, it would be persuasive if done right. The tricky part is to make fools of the opponents without going so far that my allies would be put off.

Did they use the same rhetorical tactics then that we use now?

Sadly, the answer is… sort of.

Since we really can’t be sure, I’ll just leave the “why” open to your interpretation, and deal with the “what” as we go through this rather raucous section.

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Truth

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Does the truth really count for anything anymore? Does anybody really care, or is the truth just whatever it seems like to me?

Does government tell us the truth about anything, say the economy for instance? How about the news media, are they telling the truth about the stories they report?

Well, I can’t say, for there is clearly enough falsehood flying around out there that when people do tell the truth you really have to wonder…

So, what is truth anyway?

We aren’t the first people to ask this question; in fact, it’s as old as the Scriptures.  It’s a question that Pilate asked Jesus two thousand years ago. (John 18:38) Jesus told Pilate that He “came into the world to testify to the truth.” He also taught us  that He is “The way, the truth and the life” (John 14:6).

As Christians, there is one thing that we can be certain of: Jesus is Truth; His words are true.  We need to keep this in mind as we see and hear the world around us proclaim “alternate” truths.  If these “truths” are in conflict with the teachings and person of Christ, they are falsehoods. As we listen to newscasts talk about things that are in conflict with what Jesus taught… we know what to conclude.

The truth is that very little in this world is what it appears to be! This is the lesson of Scripture and it is the lesson of history, and it is the first rule of understanding our world.  Jesus Christ is Truth, all else is questionable.

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Where Blessings Abound

2 Corinthians 9

In the first 5 verses, Paul wraps up his discussion from chapter 8 about the collection for the church in Jerusalem. In this conclusion, he tells the Corinthians that he has told the people in Macedonia all about their willingness to give, how the Corinthians have assured him that they will be all in when the time comes to produce their contribution to the fund. He gives them a heads up that the men are coming to collect their gift, so they won’t be surprised; so they can be prepared, in other words.

Of course, he did manage to mention how embarrassing it would be if they didn’t come through with their pledge… no pressure or anything.

After this, there is a subtle shift from this specific collection, to a more general theme on giving, one we can all benefit from.

Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously. Each of you should give what you have decided in your heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver. And God is able to bless you abundantly, so that in all things at all times, having all that you need, you will abound in every good work. (9:6-8)

Who can argue with any of this?

In my experience, quite a lot of people argue with this. Oh, of course they agree with every word when they’re talking about someone else, but if there is the slightest implication that it might apply to them, they become indignant: “They just want my money”, they say. If you ask me, I’d say that if this is how you feel about it, then you should keep your money; every penny of it.

This service that you perform is not only supplying the needs of the Lord’s people but is also overflowing in many expressions of thanks to God. Because of the service by which you have proved yourselves, others will praise God for the obedience that accompanies your confession of the gospel of Christ, and for your generosity in sharing with them and with everyone else. And in their prayers for you their hearts will go out to you, because of the surpassing grace God has given you. Thanks be to God for his indescribable gift! (9:12-15)

With these verses, Paul makes the whole point of the exercise clear: We are asked to give because we need to give, not because God cannot provide in other ways. As people who have so fully received God’s blessings, doesn’t it follow that we would want to be a blessing to others, particularly to our brothers and sisters in Christ whom we love? Wouldn’t we want to be a blessing to that neighbor of ours whom we love as ourselves?

Wouldn’t we want to bring glory and praise to God through our giving to fill the legitimate needs of others?

Well, if the answer is no, then by all means, keep your money; we’ll pray for you that God will open your eyes to see the blessing you are missing out on.

Yes, I think that about sums up what Paul is saying here, don’t you?

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Exhortations

Join together in following my example, brothers and sisters, and just as you have us as a model, keep your eyes on those who live as we do. For, as I have often told you before and now tell you again even with tears, many live as enemies of the cross of Christ. Their destiny is destruction, their god is their stomach, and their glory is in their shame. Their mind is set on earthly things. But our citizenship is in heaven. And we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ, who, by the power that enables him to bring everything under his control, will transform our lowly bodies so that they will be like his glorious body.

Philippians 3:17-21

Here is the exhortation− Paul is urging the people to follow his example, and the example of others who live as he does.  Because of this, it is quite clear that he is talking about the way we all live; follow the example of the way he and certain others live. This is an important distinction, for many say all of the right things and live quite differently.

Pay careful attention to verses 18 and 19: Many live a different kind of life than Paul does− a life that leads to destruction.  My first question about this would be, “Just exactly who are we talking about?” My first impulse is to assume that he must be talking about unbelievers, to make a distinction between Christians and non-Christians; some might even want to toss in the concept of phony Christians or fake Christians, or Christians who aren’t “really” saved.  I’d prefer to leave that kind of speculation to others; they are probably much smarter than I am if they can make such judgments. I’ll ‘play it safe’ and stick with the context.  Since Paul is sending this message to Christian believers, I must infer that he thinks it is possible for Christians to follow the wrong path, thus the warning; otherwise, the warning is pointless and sent to the wrong people. Are there Christians that we might know of (or be) who live for the things of this world and neglect the heavenly priorities of Christ? If so, we should not follow their example.

Our citizenship is in heaven! Our priorities must be on heavenly things. As citizens of heaven, we must concern ourselves with the mission that Jesus has given us, to love others, to put their interests ahead of our own in true humility, and to share the awesome gospel of Jesus Christ, for this is the way that will lead us to our reward. As it happens, it is also the reason that Paul wrote this letter to the Philippians.

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Grace and Truth

For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.

John 1:17

It’s a short little verse really, nice phrasing, sort of a lyrical quality, but it falls within a chapter that is full of profound and quotable verses, so it almost gets overlooked. John had a certain way with words, don’t you think?

I’ve never seen this verse on a bumper sticker or a sign; I’ve not seen it added to a nice picture either, yes maybe it’s overlooked, but consider what it says…

“For the law was given through Moses.” Doesn’t that make the Law sound rather impersonal, a bit like a judge handing down a sentence? “The Law was given,” seems to me almost a scary thing, certainly a difficult thing.

Contrast the law being given with the rest of the verse: “grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.”

The Law Was Given. Grace and truth came… It’s a bit like grace and truth are a person, and they came to pay us a call. Yes, that’s how it strikes me, they came here and sat down at the kitchen table for a visit over a fresh cup of coffee. Yes, grace and truth are so much more personal than “the law was given…”

Now see what happens when we connect this short little verse with the one before it, verse 16:

From the fullness of his grace we have all received one blessing after another. For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.

John 1:16-17

Law can never do that, but grace can. Jesus Christ brought grace and truth with Him when He came here to pay a visit, and He left His grace and truth behind in abundance! What did the Law ever do for us?

It condemned us.

Grace and Truth bring with it forgiveness from all of the condemnation of the Law, and with that forgiveness it brings eternal life for all who choose to receive it: WOW!

Even more, Jesus is still with us today, through the Holy Spirit dwelling within us. Why not pull up a chair, grab a fresh cup and visit with Him again in His grace and truth!

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Our Rock

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“Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.”
Hebrews 13:8

The modern world is like a stormy sea, churning, boiling, ever-changing.  In my lifetime it has changed many times over, and to be honest the world of now has little resemblance to the one I grew up in. Families are breaking up, institutions have been discredited and nobody can tell what the economy will be like in six months… the news is usually bad.

Most people want to find stability in life; something they can count on.  Anxiety results when everything is changing and unpredictable.  The polls tell us that the people are becoming restless and very unhappy with their leaders…

Now, more than ever Jesus provides us with what we so desperately need: Love that we can depend on, values that really mean something, a role model without a scandal, a safe harbor in troubled times.

Grab hold of Jesus!  He is our Rock, our Salvation, our anchor!

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Show us your love

2 Corinthians 8

In this chapter, Paul returns to one of the main issues that caused the recent controversies in Corinth; the gift of financial aid to the church in Jerusalem. As we have already seen, his accusers in Corinth made a lot of this action, apparently claiming that Paul was involved in something less than honest, yet Paul and the Corinthians had now moved beyond these attacks, had dealt with the accusers, and reconciled.

Haven’t they?

What is really interesting here, is that Paul, full of optimism and joy, is giving the Corinthians an opportunity to demonstrate their rejection of those accusers, and their commitment to Christ and His people by giving their money for the relief of the Jerusalem church.

Was Paul pushing his luck when he wrote this? Remember, he didn’t know what the response would be…

Over the years, I’ve listened to many an annual sermon about tithing come from these verses, and I’ve often wondered if that was the best application of the text.  If I’m honest, I have to say that I still wonder about that.

Yet putting our love into action might well mean that from time-to-time we must part with our cash. No, I don’t mean “tithing”. After all, tithing is part of the Old Testament Law that is “obsolete and useless” according to the author of Hebrews. What I mean is that so many of us say that Christ is first in our lives, that He is our center and our rock, and then refuse to give our earthly treasure to His cause. Is it just me, or is there perhaps the slightest bit of hypocrisy at work there…?

I’ll let you be the judge of that, and I’ll just say that Paul is clearly challenging the Corinthians to put their money where their mouths are.

As for us, I think it is safe to say that we should be good stewards of or material resources, wasting not. I think it is important for us to avoid being a burden upon others if it is at all possible. At the same time, it is also important that we be quick to give to those who have a real need, for how can we say that we love our brother and sister, all the while refusing a legitimate need? No, we shouldn’t become enablers to enable people to waste their resources and very often it is hard to be sure where the need actually comes from.

Yet as the rich man said, “I may have lost millions in business, but I never lost a cent that I gave away.”

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Better and Better

Brothers and sisters, I do not consider myself yet to have taken hold of it. But one thing I do: Forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead, I press on toward the goal to win the prize for which God has called me heavenward in Christ Jesus.

Philippians 3:13-14

Thus, Paul ties this together for us with a rallying cry that has spanned two millennia, thrilling the followers of Jesus, encouraging all of us to strive to take the gospel to the nations, and moving us to minister to one another in His love.  This is where Paul takes his stand, and this is where we stand with him for the cause of Christ.

All of us, then, who are mature should take such a view of things. And if on some point you think differently, that too God will make clear to you. Only let us live up to what we have already attained.

Philippians 3:15-16

Following his great rallying cry of verses 12-14, Paul will make a plea to the Philippians and by extension to us, to continue forward in Christ. He begins with these two verses.  This is a transition into his exhortation for us to follow his example. You can see that by the way he links the two sections with the first sentence, yes; we who are mature should take the view that he has expressed, and if we find ourselves disagreeing on some point, don’t worry for God will sort things out.  

Notice that he goes on to urge us to live up to what we have already attained, which moves us to his larger exhortation. Before we get to that exhortation, maybe we should ask ourselves what it is that we have attained. By our faith we have entered relationship with our Lord Jesus Christ and received forgiveness of our sins and eternal life. In chapter one he urged us to be “worthy of the gospel” and now he urges us to “live up to what we already attained”.

Can this message get even better? We’ll find out next time; see you then!

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The Matter is Resolved

2 Corinthians 7:2-16

As we all know by now, Paul has been defending his apostolic ministry since chapter three, and this passage is his conclusion; or maybe I should more accurately say the epilogue. When you come right down to it, the conclusion of the persuasive defense was in the last passage, for here we have more about the result of the matter than a final appeal.

Everyone was now happy.

First, let’s recap the events: Paul spent a significant amount of time in Corinth preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ and working with the new believers there to build a church. After that he went to Ephesus where he remained for a long time. While in Ephesus he kept in touch with the church in Corinth and sent at least one letter there. Later, they sent a letter to Paul asking about a number of things they were having trouble with and Paul wrote back answering their questions and adding his thoughts on a few things they hadn’t asked about; we call that letter 1 Corinthians.  Pail had plans to return to Corinth for a visit…

Then, word reached Paul that a group had arisen, mostly from outside of the congregation, in opposition to Paul, apparently telling the people there that Paul had mis-taught the gospel, taken advantage of them and was apparently attempting to abuse their contributions made for the church in Jerusalem. I think we can infer that these allegations became rather personal: Paul went to Corinth to confront his accusers, and that confrontation wasn’t pretty; things were said, emotions rose… Paul went to Macedonia.

From Macedonia, Paul shot off another letter to Corinth, a letter containing some pointed comments. Paul, who had expected to meet up with Titus in Troas, was very grieved; Titus was not there or anywhere in Macedonia. The people in Corinth were also very grieved; what had they done?

Finally, Titus appears on the scene and he was able to report that the Corinthians had come to their senses, dealt with the troublemakers and repented entirely of their little rebellion against Paul. As a result, Paul is all the more impressed by the Corinthians, for they have come to see a mistake and they had rectified it themselves: Harmony was restored and everyone is happy again. Then, Paul sent another letter, we call it 2 Corinthians.

Reading though the text we have already seen quite a few lessons to apply to our own times. Yet there are a few more we should consider…

First, there are a lot of people who would like to sow chaos in the church, and we must not allow ourselves to be misled by them.

Second, Christians should not take church advice from non-Christians.

Third, we are all human, and even the best and most mature among us are susceptible to being carried away with emotion: Be careful what you say to people.

Fourth, when there is a real threat to the unity of the church, deal with it sooner, not later.

Fifth, when we realize that we have made a mistake, admit it, repent and move on in the Lord, don’t worry about saving face.

Sixth, always remember that in Christ, forgiveness is the default setting.

I’m sure I can come up with a few more, and by all means, feel free to chime in with your own thoughts if you’d care to. For me the bottom line is this: Even in the first century when churches had direct communication with the apostles, they had problems. People made mistakes, people said things they shouldn’t have, and had their feelings hurt. Yet they faced their issues, they repented when they needed to, and they forgave when they needed to; it was never perfect, it was never easy. Yet they persevered and built the Kingdom, and their legacy is with us to this very day, a legacy of purpose, of hope and of life, and we should thank God for them and follow their example as best we can in the Lord.

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Try Again!

All of us have had the experience of something not quite working out the way it was supposed to.  It could be a career move or a relationship.  Maybe it was a business investment or a new church.  Let’s face it, sometimes we just swing and miss…

When this happens, we can get down on ourselves or others.  It can be easy to get the idea that there’s something wrong with us when we mess up or have a major disappointment in life, but I doubt that this reaction will help us get back on track.    The kid in this picture just missed a pretty sweet pitch; you’ve got to drive that one!  Being a kid that young, it might have been easy for him to be discouraged…

Here’s Paul’s advice for this young hitter:

Brothers, I do not consider myself yet to have taken hold of it. But one thing I do: Forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead, I press on toward the goal to win the prize for which God has called me heavenward in Christ Jesus.

Phil. 3:13-14

When we have a disappointment or a failure, we need to forget what was behind and press on to the goal, just as an athlete must when he has a disappointing performance.  We must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off and press on, forgiving ourselves and others who might have hurt us along the way.

As for our young hitter, he didn’t waste any time being upset about missing a fat pitch:

No sir, he sent a little present smoking past the pitcher and eventually came around to score a run.  Oh, we can learn from his example!

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